The Battle Of Gettysburg And American Civil War - 924 Words

The Battle of Gettysburg was fought over the first three days in July 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. Confederate General Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia, while Union Major General George Gordon Meade commanded the Army of the Potomac. The Battle of Gettysburg involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war s turning point. With his army in high spirits after a victory in the battle of Chancellorsville, General Robert E. Lee decided to move north into Maryland and Pennsylvania. Lee’s goal was to move the war out of war torn Virginia, and try to move it north to threaten northern cities and stem the North’s appetite for war. After getting wind of Lee’s plan, President Abraham Lincoln sent Major General Joseph Hooker’s Army of the Potomac as a response. A loss at Chancellorsville lead President Lincoln to replace Major General Joseph Hooker with Major General George Gordon Meade just three days before the Battle of Gettysburg. Once in command Major General Meade moved his army to try to keep them in between Washington D.C. and General Lee’s army. All the information General Lee had on Union troops made him think that most the Army of the Potomac was sitting near the Rappahannock River in eastern Virginia not really paying attention to his troops movement towards Culpeper; about a 100 miles to the west. He also readShow MoreRelatedBattle Of Gettysburg : Gettysburg Of The American Civil War1465 Words   |  6 PagesShaJuan Ervin Dr.Seamen MIS 303-01 2/24/16 Battle of Gettysburg Day 3 The Battle of Gettysburg is widely known as the largest battle of the American Civil War. This crucial battle occurred over three days, July 1st to July 3, 1863 surrounding the town of Gettysburg. In this battle, General Robert E. Lee tactfully awaited the forces of General Meade’s Union. On July 1st the Confederates were exploited by the Union resulting in a loss. The following day, the Confederates gained ground by conductingRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The American Civil War1993 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the American Civil War. Some even go as far to as to call it the â€Å"high water mark† of the Confederate States. What is known is that it represented the last time a coherent Confederate Army threatened northern soil. In fact, from Gettysburg forward, the Confederation of Southern States would be fighting a defensive/fighting retreat. Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest battles of the war, but there were ma ny bloody battles during the American CivilRead MoreThe American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg985 Words   |  4 PagesGettysburg was fought during the Civil War between the Union Army of the Potomac led by General Meade, and the Confederate Army commanded by General R.E. Lee. The battle only was waged over the course of three days, but it would prove to be the most costly of the entire Civil War. In this paper, we will show how the Confederacy failed to identify certain principles of war, which lead them to incorrectly conduct a center of gravity and critical vulnerability analysis on the Union. Because of thisRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg Was The Turning Point Of The American Civil War837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the American Civil war. General Robert E. Lee was the commanding officer of the Confederate army. During the battle of Gettysburg Lee’s military strategy was to fight offensive. Lee’s goal during th e battle was to seize the high ground and out last the union army. The Union army had outnumbered the Confederate soldiers. General Lee’s first hand man was General James Longstreet. Longstreet believes the new technology in warfare would make attackingRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War: America’s Bloodiest War716 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Civil War, known as the War Between the States’ by some, was America’s bloodiest war. The Civil War consisted of over 10,000 battles between The Union Army of the North and the South’s Confederate Army, which lasted almost 4 years. The War was fought in 23 states and of the more than 10,000 battles only about 50 were major battles. (Weider, The Civil War, 1) In this paper the reader will learn about important dates of the war also about 4 of the bloodiest battles in the war; the BattleRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And A Website Article From The New World Encyclopedia1320 Words   |  6 Pag esThe battle of Gettysburg is seen today as the turning point of the war, and after the analysis of these historical documents its clear why the bloodshed at Gettysburg was as significant as it was being able to turn the tides of the war. Two sources that are going to be used in this are a website article from History.com: â€Å"Battle of Gettysburg† and a website article from the NeW World Encyclopedia: â€Å"Battle of gettysburg†. These sources will be analyzed by their origin, purpose, content, value andRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And Civil War1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg occurred July 1-3, 1863 in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and was one of the most significant battles of the American Civil War. Union forces of the North, commanded by Major General George G. Meade met and fought the Confederate forces of the South, commanded by General Robert E. Lee. Many historians believe the battle was a large turning point in the Civil War in favor of the Union (Woodworth, 2008). However, this is disputable. The battle was also significantRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg : Why Was It A Turning Point?1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg: Why Was It a Turning Point? â€Å"Death created the modern American union, not just by ensuring national survival, but by shaping enduring national structures and commitments. The work of death was Civil War America s most fundamental and most demanding undertaking†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Drew Gilpin Faust. Death in the Civil War was indeed a principle in creating the America we know and love today. This was the bloodiest war in United States military history. Within the war was the Battle of GettysburgRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand.† In the 1800s, the American nation was slowly becoming a house divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanentRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 1, 1863, the bloodiest, most gruesome war in American History began. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Union Army under the command of General George G. Meade faced the Confederate Army led by General Robert E. Lee. They clashed for a long, tragic, three days, but at a costly expense of human life. The American Civil War was one of the most significant battles that the United States has ever been engaged in. On the lines, there were brothers

Analysis Of The Book Brave New World - 1213 Words

Brave New World-Book Chart Title Significance The author chose the title ‘Brave New World’ because it is a reference to what John had read in a book. Like the character in the book, John believes he will enjoy this new world and will finally fit in somewhere, but it’s when he gets there that he realizes that the new world is restricting him from being himself. Also, I think the book is called ‘Brave New World’ because it relates to plot when John is leaving the reservation where he is not respected to a place where he can be accepted. It’s kind of a symbol of hope for John as he enters the world, but later on John feels the world destructing his individualism.â€Å"O brave new world that has such people in it. Let’s start at once.†(pg.121) Setting ïÆ' ¼ London is the first place we are introduced to. The Central London Hatchery. This is the place where the tube babies are born and where they are regulated and separated into different castes. The year is A.F.632. Everything here is organized and clean and stable. There is no individualism between the people of this society. ïÆ' ¼ Then we have the Reservation which is pretty much the opposite of the other society. The reservation is dirty, everyone there is poor and they are as technologically advanced as the other world. There is instability; babies are born with ‘viviparous mothers’. Everything in this society has their own thoughts and beliefs. There is individualism. ïÆ' ¼ The lighthouse is a place that is isolated and away from theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Brave New World By Aldous Huxley Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley Main Characters: Bernard, John, Lenina, Linda Synopsis: The book begins in a human reproduction facility where they are basically engineering and developing human beings. It explains that once a child is born they are trained to conform to society. For example, babies were placed on an electric floor in front of books and flowers, and to train them they were electrocuted until they learned to dislike books and nature. This was done to ensure that the engineeredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Brave New World By Anton Chekhov913 Words   |  4 PagesByelikov is consistent of the way he lives. Byelikov was man that strictly played by the rules. For someone that is freely but seemed unhappy, he was scared to take risk because he wanted to be ready unexpected. A book named Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, is about the people of the World State having to accept what was given and told to them. They were not individually happy because everyone is counted as a whole and must share the same satisfaction to be stable. Everyone deserves to have theirRead MoreA Brave New World vs. 1984991 Words   |  4 PagesA Brave New World vs. 1984 There are many similarities and differences between Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World and George Orwells 1984. With my analysis of both novels, I have come to the conclusion that they are not as alike as you would believe. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of John, ‘the savage, who rejects the society of the Brave New World when and discovers that he could never be truly happy there. 1984 is a novel about Winston, who finds forbidden loveRead MoreManipulated Free Will Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIn both Brave New World and The Truman Show it shows the negative effects this type of society can cause. In both the novel and film it shows how drug or substance abuse must be enforced to pacify and conditioning are used a means to control the subject or subjects but only lead to physical or mental deterioration of the subjects.  Before I began to break down the points I will give you a brief overview of both the novel Brave New World and the film The Truman Show below. Brave New World ThisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Black Women 1645 Words   |  7 PagesThey had to go through difficulties in their daily lives, but the challenges to some extent helped them become tough and strong. This paper will use information from the books Still Brave and Sister Citizen to bring out the oppression of the black women in America. The oppression is based on race, gender, and sexuality. The books use what is known as anthologies which are historical narratives helping readers understand whom they think they are, whether they know their originality, and where theyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreEssay about Human Genetic Engineering is Bunk996 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine a world in which everyone is identical and reared to process, act and perceive every little thing the same way. If someone chooses to stand out, then the entire society becomes unstable, unsafe and brings unwanted fears that the civilization will decay into rubbles. The longevity and quality of life primarily depend on what the controller feels like creating, either an elite or a second-rate. The life of one human being is dictated and put in the control of one person’s hands that gets toRead MoreThe Novel Brave New World 1346 Words   |  6 PagesTitle In the beginning of the novel, the title Brave New World was an optimistic phrase, first used by John the Savage to declare what a wondrous new world he had discovered in the World State. â€Å"‘O brave new world,’ he repeated. ‘O brave new world that has such people in it.’† (Huxley 130) As the novel progresses, the atmosphere accompanying that phrase gets heavier and heavier, when finally on page 190, the phrase is used mockingly; â€Å"‘O brave new world†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In his mind the singing words seemed to changeRead MoreBeing a Hero in The Histories of Herodotus Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan a new manner of writing history in which human psychology takes a fundamental place. He was the first historian who really considered the reasons why things happen and did not limit his narrative to just facts. His book The Histories evidences all the distinctive features that he employs through his description of facts as well as the intrins ic analysis that he includes to his storyline about controversial topics like the definition of what heroes really are. Indeed, The Histories’ book 7 revealsRead MoreThe Destruction of the Individual in A Brave New World by Aldous Huxley998 Words   |  4 Pagesuphold. People become individuals through interpretations of their teachings. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s morals define him as an individual; his actions are based on what he believes is right. The teachings John receives allow him room for analysis, his interpretation defines who his is. By contrast, the teachings of the New World allow little deviation in its members interpretation. The New world destroys the individualism of its members and causes them to become, rather than individuals

Including Children With Special Needs free essay sample

Special needs education refers to the special educational arrangements which are in place for children with special needs. These special educational provisions are provided to any child if their ability to participate in and benefit from education is restricted due to an ongoing physical, intellectual, sensory, and eA Brief History of Special Needs Provision in IrelandThe Irish Department of Education was established in 1924. For much of its history, the department considered that the education of children with special needs alongside their non-disabled peers was not appropriate as their needs were considered medical and not educational. In the 1980’s there was a worldwide push for integration of disabled children into mainstream schools. Soon after classes for children with special needs began to be established and more teachers were educated to cater to this demand. By 1993 over 2 thousand children were being educated in such classesIn 1993, the report of the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) made the following recommendations†¢ Establishment of a continuum of educational provisions to meet special education needs, that would allow†¢ Full- Time placement in a mainstream class with additional support†¢ Part-Time or Full-time Placement in a special class or school†¢ Full-time placement in a residential special school†¢ Part-Time placement in a Child Education and Development Centre(CEDC) or special schoolIn 1995, a government white paper on education called â€Å"Charting our Education Future† Stated the following, â€Å"all students regardless of their personal circumstances have a right of access to and participation in the education system according to their potential and ability† and â€Å"to promote quality and equality for all, including those who are disadvantaged through economic, social phy sical and mental factors in the development of their full educational potential†. We will write a custom essay sample on Including Children With Special Needs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several acts of parliament resulted in legislation which further added to the rights of special needs children in Ireland, including The Equal Status Act 2000, The Children’s Act 2001, The Equality Act 2004 and The Disability Act 2005.The EPSEN Act 2004 is the legislation which provides for the provision of education plans for students with special educational needs (SEN). Under the Act, children with SEN will be educated â€Å"in an inclusive environment with children who do not have SEN†, unless this should be inconsistent either with the best interest of the child or with the effective provision for the other children.This provides the statutory requirements for educational planning as they impact upon students, parents, schools, and the National Council for Special Education (the Council)Under the EPSEN Act 2004, all children with SEN should be provided with an IEP, and this individualized program should be delivered in an inclusive environment with students who do not have SEN whenever possible.The EPSEN Act takes us up to the present day and ensures that the needs of special needs children are comprehensively provided for in the educational environment.emotional or learning disability.

Advanced Networking for Context Aware Services- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvanced Networking for Context Aware Services. Answer: Five popular context aware services: Physical sensor: Enables the feature of capturing of the physical data of the movement of the entity. Virtual Sensor: Can access virtual information such as accessing data from some device or application. Combined sensor: Provides information after merging of information from two or more sources(Support,Engine Guides, 2018). Direct user input: It is an alternative way of context interface; here the user directly gives some contextual information. Social media: Enables exchange of contextual data between the users and the online applications. The social media covers all the sectors of application including online market place and e-business. Special positioning techniques: Call of origin: It is the simplest form of mechanism for finding the approximate position in the RF based system. Angulations: Known as Angle of Arrival (AoA). The determination of the position of the mobile location in this system is done by analyzing the angle of incident of the arriving signal. RSS: It is known as Received Signal Strength. It can be determined by the mobile device or the receiving signal. TDOA: Time Difference of Arrival is a wireless technology that depends on the receiving signal coming from the call towers for determination of the location of the mobile. Trilateration: It is a method of location calculation based on the Wi-Fi service (SpringerReference 2018). The determination of the quadrant of the location is based on the number of access points. All the techniques mentioned above are the indoor positioning of the network. References Support, P., Engine, C., Guides, C. (2018).Cisco Context-Aware Service Configuration Guide, Release 7.3.101.0 - Chapter 1: Overview [Cisco Mobility Services Engine].Cisco. Retrieved 30 April 2018, from https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/mse/3350/7-3/CAS_Configuration_Guide/Guide/CAS_73/msecg_Overview.html#wp1140425 SpringerReference. (2018). Retrieved 30 April 2018, from https://www.cisco.com/web/offer/emear/38586/images/Presentations/P7.pdf

CRITICS ON SLAUGHTER HOUSE-FIVE Slaughter House-Five, Written By Kurt

CRITICS ON SLAUGHTER HOUSE-FIVE Slaughter house-Five, written by Kurt Vonnegut is a post modern novel, attempting to undermine the reader's expectations. The novel does not have smooth transitions from one event to the next. The reason is, because the novel reflects modern man's life. Since the novel is not smooth it is confusing. This is just like modern man's life, confusing. Another literary device is, it is difficult to follow. When the novel is hard to read the reader cannot enjoy and understand the book. This is how modern society is too(difficult to follow). Another literary device is the novel's characters lack depth. The characters need more descriptive details. This reflects man by saying that man lacks depth and is not well rounded. The book undermines the novel's conventional approach. These are some reasons for the undermining of the reader's expectations. The novel does not have smooth transitions from one event to the next one. "Billy blinked in 1958, traveled in time to 1961." After a chapter, "Billy Pilgrim nestled like a spoon with the hobo on Christmas night, and he fell asleep, and he traveled in time to 1967. When Billy is in 1958, he is busy talking about World War Two. Then suddenly he travels through time to 1967 and he ends up being kidnaped by aliens from Tralfamadore. So when the story changes, the reader's mind has to adjust to the changes. The events just pop up all of a sudden. Modern man always has surprises in life that just pop up just like this novel. In life there is usually no smooth adjustments. It is abrupt and sudden. Billy Pilgrim(protagonist) travels through time in an awkward chronological order. In life people do not adapt to different situations without any problem. In this book, shifting from one situation to another is meant to be poor. The book is difficult to follow. It has many small stories in it. Pilgrim is in World War Two and then he ends up being with aliens from Tralfadamore. Some of these topics a re hard to comprehend. This symbolizes modern life since it is difficult to comprehend the understandings of life. For example, Roland Weary is one of Billy's war companions. He kept beating the living daylights out of Billy. The novel mentions that Weary treat Pilgrim like this to discipline him, but he over does it. Is it, because Weary is a psychopath or has something against Pilgrim or maybe even perhaps it is jealously that causes this hostility? Questions like this left unanswered makes the reader not aware of what is happening. Another example is, Pilgrim and his war companions are captured by German soldiers. The soldiers are kinder to Billy than to Weary. "Billy was helped to his feet by the lovely boy," "And the others come forward to dust the snow off Billy" Another quote,"He tore open Weary's overcoat and blouse. Brass buttons flew like popcorn. The corporal reached into Weary's gasping bosom as though he meant to tear out his pounding heart," Both of them are treated di fferently. This makes the reader anticipate why. This is not explained in the novel. Life is the same: there are many questions unanswered that people are curious about. Vonnegut in this novel purposely does not describe events like this in detail so it can reflect modern life. This is the reason for the difficulty of understanding this novel. Some side characters lack depth and need more description. For instance there was a photographer present at the war. He took pictures of Pilgrim and Weary when they were captured by the Germans. Vonnegut did not describe anything about his past or for what company he is working for and so on. "There was a photographer present, a German correspondent with a Leica." That is all the author writes on him. The readers want to know more about the characters. This help makes the story more interesting. Since there is a lack of descriptiveness, the readers form questions in their mind. This happens in life too. When there is not enough information on something there is always curiosity and more questions. Another symbolism is man is not in depth. According to a certain CRITICS ON SLAUGHTER HOUSE-FIVE Slaughter House-Five, Written By Kurt CRITICS ON SLAUGHTER HOUSE-FIVE Slaughter house-Five, written by Kurt Vonnegut is a post modern novel, attempting to undermine the reader's expectations. The novel does not have smooth transitions from one event to the next. The reason is, because the novel reflects modern man's life. Since the novel is not smooth it is confusing. This is just like modern man's life, confusing. Another literary device is, it is difficult to follow. When the novel is hard to read the reader cannot enjoy and understand the book. This is how modern society is too(difficult to follow). Another literary device is the novel's characters lack depth. The characters need more descriptive details. This reflects man by saying that man lacks depth and is not well rounded. The book undermines the novel's conventional approach. These are some reasons for the undermining of the reader's expectations. The novel does not have smooth transitions from one event to the next one. "Billy blinked in 1958, traveled in time to 1961." After a chapter, "Billy Pilgrim nestled like a spoon with the hobo on Christmas night, and he fell asleep, and he traveled in time to 1967. When Billy is in 1958, he is busy talking about World War Two. Then suddenly he travels through time to 1967 and he ends up being kidnaped by aliens from Tralfamadore. So when the story changes, the reader's mind has to adjust to the changes. The events just pop up all of a sudden. Modern man always has surprises in life that just pop up just like this novel. In life there is usually no smooth adjustments. It is abrupt and sudden. Billy Pilgrim(protagonist) travels through time in an awkward chronological order. In life people do not adapt to different situations without any problem. In this book, shifting from one situation to another is meant to be poor. The book is difficult to follow. It has many small stories in it. Pilgrim is in World War Two and then he ends up being with aliens from Tralfadamore. Some of these topics a re hard to comprehend. This symbolizes modern life since it is difficult to comprehend the understandings of life. For example, Roland Weary is one of Billy's war companions. He kept beating the living daylights out of Billy. The novel mentions that Weary treat Pilgrim like this to discipline him, but he over does it. Is it, because Weary is a psychopath or has something against Pilgrim or maybe even perhaps it is jealously that causes this hostility? Questions like this left unanswered makes the reader not aware of what is happening. Another example is, Pilgrim and his war companions are captured by German soldiers. The soldiers are kinder to Billy than to Weary. "Billy was helped to his feet by the lovely boy," "And the others come forward to dust the snow off Billy" Another quote,"He tore open Weary's overcoat and blouse. Brass buttons flew like popcorn. The corporal reached into Weary's gasping bosom as though he meant to tear out his pounding heart," Both of them are treated di fferently. This makes the reader anticipate why. This is not explained in the novel. Life is the same: there are many questions unanswered that people are curious about. Vonnegut in this novel purposely does not describe events like this in detail so it can reflect modern life. This is the reason for the difficulty of understanding this novel. Some side characters lack depth and need more description. For instance there was a photographer present at the war. He took pictures of Pilgrim and Weary when they were captured by the Germans. Vonnegut did not describe anything about his past or for what company he is working for and so on. "There was a photographer present, a German correspondent with a Leica." That is all the author writes on him. The readers want to know more about the characters. This help makes the story more interesting. Since there is a lack of descriptiveness, the readers form questions in their mind. This happens in life too. When there is not enough information on something there is always curiosity and more questions. Another symbolism is man is not in depth. According to a certain

Arthur Clarke essays

Arthur Clarke essays Arthur C. Clarke, a science fiction author, has had a very interesting Arthur was born on December 16, 1917, in Minehead, England. He was the oldest of four children. His two brothers were Frederick and Michael, and his sister's name was Mary. As a child, he enjoyed science very much. He lived on a small farm, and enjoyed frequent trips to the nearby ocean. When he was 13 years old, he constructed his own telescope, and changed a bike light to transmit sound along the path of light it gave off. Arthur made his first literary connections by writing in the school newspaper. He attended elementary, Middle, and high school in his home town, and then later went to King's College in London, where he made honors in Math and After Arthur had finished college, he became a member of the Royal Air Force.Then later he became the assistant editor of Science Abstracts, a science magazine. After quitting his job as the assistant editor, he decided to become a Arthur has never been married, and still, to this day, is a bachelor. Clarke is a very successful writer. In fact, he is considered to be one of the most successful science fiction authors ever! He has written many books, including: Hammer of god; 2001, a space Odyssey; Prelude to Space; The Sands of Mars; Islands in the Sky; Against the Fall of Night; Childhood's End; Expedition to Earth; Going into Space; and Earthlight. Arthur has also written a few Nonfiction books, like Interplanetary Flight, and The Exploration of Space. Also, one day, he had an argument with a colleague, and said, When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. Arthur has won many prestigious awards, including the UNESCO Kalinga Prize, The Franklin Institute gold med ...

Development of Mongolia in Mining Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Development of Mongolia in Mining Sector - Essay Example pag.). This paper is intended to review the impact the booming mining industry makes on the overall economic performance of Mongolia, as well as the major opportunities and challenges faced by the sector, which inter alia would determine its future. The paper is organized in three main sections, the first of which provides accounts of the overall size, type and peculiar characteristics of Mongolian economy; the second provides a brief overview of the Mongolian mining sector; while the third section attempt an insight into the broadening horizons of Mongolia’s mining industry. Introduction to Mongolian Economy Following the dissolution of the USSR, Mongolia’s economy experienced both deep recession due to natural disasters and political inaction, and more or less noticeable growth, because of the economic reform, which included free-market orientation and extensive privatization of the dominant state sector (CIA, n. pag.). However, the massive livestock losses caused by severe winters and draughts, compounded by falling prices for the primary sector exports and widespread opposition to the privatization process, resulted in fairly anemic GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth; between 2004 and 2008, the GDP growth was nearly 9 percent on average, mainly due to new gold production, as well as to high copper prices (CIA, n. pag.). As of 2008, the Mongolian economy suffered both a soaring inflation rate – actually the highest inflation rate in over a decade, reaching almost 30 percent – and an external shock caused by the global financial crisis, with a sharp drop in commodity prices, hence greatly slashed government revenues (CIA, n. pag.). A 236 million-dollar stand-by agreement was reached with the International Monetary Fund in 2009, which assisted the country to emerge from the crisis (CIA, n. pag.). Because of the harsh weather during the winter in 2009 – 2010, a massive loss of livestock occurred once again – this time over 20 % of the total number – doubling the meat prices and consequently shrinking the GDP by 1.9 percent. In 2010, the economy growth was 6.4 percent, while in 2011 – 17.3 percent; these results were mainly obtained by commodity exports in the neighboring countries, on which the Mongolian economy heavily relies (CIA, n. pag.). For example, Mongolia purchases 95 percent of the imported petroleum products and substantial portion of its electricity imports from Russia, while China receives over 90 percent of Mongolia’s total exports (CIA, n. pag.). Besides agriculture, which comprises production of wheat, barley, vegetables and forage crops, as well as horses-, sheep-, goats-, cattle-, and camels-breeding, the Mongolian economy’s main industries include construction, production of construction materials, mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, gold, uranium, etc.), production of food and beverages, as well as processing of animal products; according to data of 2010, electricity production amounts to 4.313 billion kWh, whereas electricity imports are 262.9 million kWh (CIA, n. pag.). As of the same period, the overall industrial production growth rate is estimated at 37.3 % (CIA, n. pag.). According to 2011 data, Mongolia’s GDP is estimated at 13.28 billion dollars. Agriculture contributes 12.9 % of the total GDP, the